- Key components of the communication process are: the sender, the receiver, the message, the channel through which the message is sent, noise or interference, and the context in which the message is communicated. In conversations, both participants function as sender and receiver.
2. Nonverbal Communication - the transmission of meaning from one person to another through means or symbols other than words.
- There are several general principles of nonverbal communication. Nonverbal communication conveys emotions, it is multichanneled, it is ambiguous, may contradict verbal messages, and it is culture bound. Communication at the nonverbal level takes place through a variety of behaviors: interpersonal distance, facial expression, eye contact, body posture and movement, gestures, physical touch, and tone of voice.
3. Positive Interpersonal Climate will exist when people feel they can be open rather than guarded or defensive in their communication.
- Some things that can help the climate are: feeling and communicating empathy. Empathy is adopting another's frame of reference so you can understand his or her point of view. Practicing withholding judgement, striving for honesty, approaching others as equals, and expressing you opinions tentatively.
4. Effective listening is an underappreciated skill.
- Four points that can help people become effective listeners: 1. Signal your interests in the speaker by using nonverbal cues. 2. Hear the other person out before you respond. 3. Engage in active listening. 4. Pay attention to the persons nonverbal cues.
5. Communication Apprehension or anxiety caused by having to talk to others is on communication problem. Some people have this when they talk to all people, and most people that have the problem notice it only when they have to speak before groups.
6. Some barriers to effective communication are defensiveness (an excessive concern with protecting oneself from being hurt), motivational distortion, self-preoccupation, and game playing. These barriers are psychological factors that contribute to noise (a stimulus that interferes with accurately expressing or understanding a message).
7. Interpersonal Conflict exists whenever two or more people disagree. Some people believe that all conflict is bad and should always be supressed. In reality conflict is neither good or bad. - There are several types of conflict: pseudoconflict is a false conflict, a second type is when people disagree about issues of a factual nature, third is policy conflict in which people disagree on how to handle a particular situation. The most difficult conflicts to manage are those in which one or both parties view the outcome as a measure of self-worth.
8. Styles of Managing Conflict - two dimensions underlie these different styles: interest in satisfying one's own concerns and interest is satisfying other's concerns. Five styles are - Avoiding/Withdrawing, Accomodating, Competing/Forcing, Compromising, and Collaborating.
9. Assertiveness involves acting in your own best interests by expressing your thoughts and feelings directly and honestly.
10. Steps in Assertiveness Training: Understand What Assertiveness Communication is, Monitor Your Assertive Communication, Observe a Model's Assertive Communication, Practice Assertive Communication, and Adopt an Assertive Attitude.
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